Advertising The Emerging Generation - 1528 Words

In the emerging generation, advertisements have been dominating the generation like never before. It has developed a threat that arises, and affects privacy, and how certain ads are portrayed. This is based on the fact that advertisements have developed strategies to tailor the ads accordingly. This enables advertisers to send ads, regarding restaurants and movie theaters. These ads, continue to further take advantage of information, and the ways that customers view ads. As advertisers, become enabled they develop the ability to monitor online activity. Online activity is affected by the amount of information that is collected. According to advertisers â€Å"Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, AOL and Myspace recorded 336 billion transmissions in which the consumers’ data were sent back to the web companies servers†(Kanner). The amount of consumer data is affected by the amount of ads portrayed on website, this amount affects teenagers by reducing their privacy. The only way, te enagers aren’t affected by marketers is by beginning to â€Å"Guard their life with adequate privacy settings (Schiff). Once teenagers, attempt to protect their privacy, marketers continue to attempt new levels of intrusiveness, and violate privacy rights. The first brand of marketing affecting the generation is Neuro marketing. Neuromarkerting is a growing area of research that expands techniques on the brain. It has conducted studies, which investigators are able to predict if a product would be bought by shoppers.Show MoreRelatedAdvertising Of The Marlboro Brand886 Words   |  4 Pagesexpansion of Marlboro through next generation technology and a 3 for expansion into India. PMI has been successful marketing the perceived value of quality to consumers making this factor possibly acceptable as expanding the Marlboro brand through next generation technology could be â€Å"the next big thing.† The cigarette market is so large it is often more challenging for new innovative ideas to break through barriers. Expanding into India should be more receptive to advertising of the Marlboro brand. ThroughRead MoreThe Digital Modes Of Advertising Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesand Wolin, 2002). The revolution and the continuous innovatio n and renovation emerging has made the internet an integral part of the day to day running of the organizations. These have enabled businesses to offer a broad range of products and services to their clients globally. Thus many companies have resolved to have the internet as their primary marketing tool. What is more, the digital modes of advertising and selling give consumers an opportunity to access all the information theyRead MoreGlobal Spirits Brands Localizing Advertising Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesWhy are Diageo, Pernod Ricard, and other marketers of global spirits brands localizing advertising campaigns in emerging markets? By localizing specific target markets, marketers are able to make more of an impact on several groups of specific markets than they would have if they had simply stayed with a general advertisement for a global brand. We have seen this in many major companies before. For example, Louis Vuitton would record one commercial and then change the voice over or text to be inRead MorePositive And Negative Aspects Of Advertising1695 Words   |  7 Pages Advertising may be considered among the most quietly controversial subjects in our society, and is yet, ever so essential. There are both positive and negative aspects, and although that could be true for anything, advertising is unique in the sense that it requires a constant give and take from consumers. Furthermore, I have investigated certain technological benefits associated with advertising that improve effectiveness, and how advertising benefits consumers. On the contrary, I have evaluatedRead MoreMarketing Research and Promotional Me ssage: Baby Boomers Essay754 Words   |  4 Pagesleisure actives are viewed by baby boomers as, not the place for them. They see these multi-purpose shopping centers as places for a younger crowd, and prefer to view shopping itself as the leisure activity (Meyers Lumbers, 2008). The younger generations have often perceived the baby boomers as people who are afraid of technology and unwilling to adapt to it. Studies now show this stereotype to be incorrect. â€Å"People currently aged between 50 and 60 years, the baby boomers, do not fit the traditionalRead MoreNyt Paywall Case603 Words   |  3 Pagesthis category. Thus to keep up with the pace of emerging digitization in every field, like all newspapers, New York Times also added online reading in their product portfolio. However it only worsened the crisis the newspaper was already going through. The operating profit declined by more than 76% from 234Mn$ in 2010 to a mere 57Mn$ in 2011. The circulations were steadily declini ng and the new online advertising could not compensate for print advertising rates due to their lower rates. Thus to boostRead MoreTexaco and Chevron1747 Words   |  7 Pagesconduct business worldwide. We are engaged in every aspect of the crude oil and natural gas industry, including exploration and production, manufacturing, marketing and transportation, chemicals manufacturing and sales, geothermal energy, and power generation. Were also investing in renewable and advanced technologies. The Caltex brand, as well as all its associated products and services are owned and operated by  Chevron Corporation.   Chevron operates through four business units in the Philippines:Read MoreInnovation Case Study: Knight Ridder1583 Words   |  6 Pagesfactor which contributed to the emerging medium being considered a secondary consideration at the time. Since the different businesses were enmeshed at the time and the staff was almost unanimously sourced from the existing business, the companys loyalty was always geared to the businesses established business lines. At the time, there was also a financial incentive to preserving business as usual. Before the internet came to prominence in modern society, the advertising revenues generated from printRead MoreThe World s Second Highest Number Of International Students Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesexhibitions was nothing but the hope of stimulating future sales. In a fast growing country like India , where the young generation is thriving for quality education this could be one among the best possible ways to boost and promote AIS. There are several educational fairs and expos taking place in India from various universities of US , Canada , UK , Australia and New Zealand is new emerging study destiny for Indian students since it is economical as well quality education. If AIS could tap the target audienceRead MoreSocial Relationships Within The Media Industry Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagestargeted consumers. Leiss, Kline, Jhally, and Botterill refer to this process of identifying smaller target markets as one of ‘demassification’ (309). Fletcher suggests, â€Å"over the past four decades, this has led to a more diverse representation within advertising as different groups have been identified as disposable income† (129). Therefore, the process of demassification has uniquely caused social relationships within the consum er culture during the 1960s onwards. The 1960s marked a shift

Social Intelligence And The Biology Of Leadership

In Social Intelligence and the Biology of Leadership, Boyatzis and Goleman provide the biological evidence that supports their theory that social intelligence is a set of interpersonal competencies that are required in order to be an effective leader. Their support for their theory is derived from research completed by neuroscientists who have determined that the action of certain of neurons in the brain; specifically mirror neurons, spindle cells, and oscillators, show that positive behaviour exhibited by a leader will without doubt be mirrored by subordinates. Boyatzis and Goleman briefly look at the effect gender and stress might have on social intelligence, while also outlining their idea of the seven major qualities of a social intelligent leader. Throughout the article, it is stated that social intelligence is something that not only occurs naturally in select individuals, but with hard work and persistence it may be obtained through changes made to the behaviours of any leader . The recent discovery of mirror neurons was accidently noticed by Italian neuroscientists who were working with monkeys to study certain areas of the brain that operated cognitive movements. Upon this discovery, it was determined that there is an abundance of previously unknown cells within the brain that work to consciously or unconsciously detect emotions of others through their actions and behaviours, which we in turn mirror by mimicking those exact emotions. It is believed that thisShow MoreRelatedFostering Emotional and Social Intelligence in Organizations1410 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional and Social Intelligence in Organizations The concept Emotional and Social intelligence or ESI is no new term; it is the outcome of a research almost 35 years old. Being the product of a multidisciplinary research approach, it is considered a significant tool to examine behavioural competencies and their impact on performance. Social, Personal and Practical Intelligence Philosophers and social scientists have observed 3 types of intelligence: * abstract intelligence, * mechanicalRead MoreAn Article Chronicling The Resurgence Of The Slogan Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages40 years later, the photo was uncovered from obscurity and posted on a popular feminist Instagram page, causing an influx of printing the phrase onto shirts, sweatshirts, and other pieces of clothing. Many feminists proudly shared their shirts on social media, recontextualizing â€Å"the future is female† to fit their respective agendas. While the phrase is a source of empowerment originally designated for women, I suggest to replace â€Å"female† with â€Å"feminine† to disassociate its meaning from biologicalRead MoreA Reflection On What Makes A Socially Intelligent Leader1427 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, I will be writing a final reflection on what makes a socially intelligent leader. This will include a reflection on the article called, â€Å"Social Intelligence and the Biology of Leadership† written by Daniel Goleman and Richard Boyatzis . Additionally, I will identify my personal top ten leader attributes and describe them. Lastly, I will discuss my plan for further self-development to align myself better with my leader attributes. Goleman and Boyatzis write, â€Å"†¦certain things leadersRead MoreMintzberg Schools of Thought1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe internal situation of the organisation is used to match the external environment. Basis Architecture as a metaphor. Contributions Order. Reduced ambiguity. Useful in relatively stable environment Support strong and visionary leadership. The Planning School A formal process A rigorous set of steps are taken, from the analysis situation to the execution of the strategy Gives clear direction. Enables resource allocation. Control The Positioning School An analyticalRead MoreThe Importance Of Management For Ensuring Success1371 Words   |  6 Pagesthey worked individually scattered and also exchange of experiences and knowledge. Team management theories: Tuckman Theory. Tuckman s model explains that as the team develops maturity and ability, relationships establish, and the leader changes leadership style. Beginning with a directing style, moving through coaching, then participating, finishing delegating and almost detached. At this point the team may produce a successor leader and the previous leader can move on to develop a new team. TuckmanRead MoreSocrates s Views On Philosophy1108 Words   |  5 PagesPeloponnesian War. His most influential pupils were philosopher Plato and historian and social commentator Xenophon. Plato was a student of Socrates. He had similar beliefs in multiple leaders. Plato was ruler by philosopher kings (Enlightened Rulers). He founded a school with no tuition that is called an academy. Plato wrote works of Socrates. Plato knows different types of Dialogues. The Republic displayed politics, and social harmony over individual liberty. Plato dedicated his life to transmitting hisRead MoreEvaluation Of The Norris Article And The Textbook Chapters2403 Words   |  10 Pages Action Assignment 1: Post your analysis of the Norris article and the textbook chapters to the Moodle discussion forum LEADERSHIP (Cultivating Leadership Skills). 1. After reading the journal article by Norris, succinctly explain value and impact of the article. The article by Norris is a very valuable piece of literature. It brings today’s leaders up to speed on the importance of people skills, the impact it has on their work and organizational cultures as well as how the leaders can be ableRead MoreWorkshop 5 : What Makes A Good Leader?1796 Words   |  8 Pages Workshop 5: What Makes A Good Leader? Belief must be the foundation for becoming an effective leader. In the book, Strength Based Leadership, Belief is presented as one of the strength characteristics of a leader: People strong in the Belief theme have certain core values that are unchanging. Out of these values emerges a defined purpose for their life pg. 123. A strong set of core values provides the leader with a consistent point of reference and a moral compass. My core values are rooted inRead MoreTen Schools of Thoughts of Strategic Management1641 Words   |  7 Pagesmatched to the external situation of the environment. Basis: Architecture as a metaphor. In short: Fit! Establish fit! Contributions: Order. Reduced ambiguity. Simplicity. Useful in relatively stable environments. It supports strong, visionary leadership. Limitations: Simplification may distort reality. Strategy has many variables and is inherently complex. Bypassing learning. Inflexible. Weak in fast changing environment. There is the risk of resista nce (not-invented-here behavior). Typical / compare:Read MoreGattaca Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pageseugenics was considered a method of preserving and improving the dominant groups in the population. The main person that drove early Eugenics movement was Sir Francis Galton (1880s). Galton studied the upper classes of Britain and correlated that social positions were a direct result of superior genetics. During this time, the concept of genetics was still in its infancy stage. The proponents of eugenics believed that through selective breeding, the human species could direct its own evolution. They

Evaluation Of A Research Methodology - 9423 Words

Chapter 4. Research methodology This chapter describes the research methodology that was chosen and why it was the most suitable for the research propositions. This chapter also covers the data collection and analysis and discusses issues of validity and reliability. 4.1 Research Method Each proposition serves to focus the data collection, determine direction and scope of the study and together the propositions form the foundation for a conceptual structure/framework (Miles Huberman, 1994;.Stake,1995). Zikmund (2003) proposed the use of qualitative research methods when a deeper understanding of the issues is required. Given that the factors contributing to each of the three acquisitions were unique, a standard questionnaire or†¦show more content†¦4.3 Sample Size and Nature 4.3.1 Sampling Method The sample was selected using non-probability sampling techniques. These techniques are deemed to be appropriate when deciding to use qualitative data where the population is not known (Saunders Lewis, 2012). Purposive sampling and snowballing techniques were used. Purposive sampling techniques allowed the researcher to select companies acquired and individuals from the population that are best placed to understand the research problem and meet the research objectives (Saunders Lewis, 2012). The objective was to interview Presidents, CFO’s, Executive Directors, Integration Directors, Human Resources Directors, Stockbrokers and Consultant Advisors and other senior managers within the organisation who had a major role in a merger or acquisition, either as a Target or an Acquirer 4.3.2 Sample Size From

Film Pulp Fiction Essay Example For Students

Film Pulp Fiction Essay This is unusual, as the audience does not know what this reference has got to do with the film and they are intrigued to watch the remainder of the film to see if this is explained. The main irregularity in the film though is that it is shown out of its natural chronological order. Narrative is an important tool for organizing seemingly random and incoherent events into a coherent and logical form that an audience can assimilate. It is a means by which producers can shape and control the flow of information to the audience. This normally would follow a Linear Narrative, a plot that moves forward in a straight line without flashbacks or digression. But Pulp Fiction is an example of a film, which follows an Anti-Narrative flow; it is one, which deliberately seeks to disrupt the narrative flow in order to achieve a particular effect, such as the repetition of images or disruption of a chronological sequence of events. In Pulp Fiction we can see this particular effect specifically with the reappearance of a character whose death was witnessed earlier. Quentin Tarantino also uses enigma codes, an enigma is a riddle or puzzle, and some types of narrative make extensive use of this code. One of the pleasures that an audience receives from consuming a media text is that of predicting the outcome to a particular narrative. In Pulp Fiction, the audience has to work out the muddled sequence of events as both the start and end of the film is the robbery of the restaurant, when the real ending is when Butch and Fabienne fly off in the chopper. It is chronologically the last event of the film. The text also manipulates the audiences pre-conceived associations of images; every scene has elements from different decades: a 1950s car, a 1970s telephone, a 1940s style suit, a 1990s retro nightclub. Forcing the audience to give up its attachment to linear history and accept instead a vision of American culture as a compression of a multitude of eras. Genre is useful in looking at the ways in which media texts are organized, categorized and consumed. Audiences are said to like the concept of genre because of its reassuring and familiar promise of repetition and variation. The radical innovations included in Pulp Fiction make it hard to situate the film within mainstream cinema; it is, difficult to know what to call this type of film. Tarantinos Pulp Fiction clearly acknowledges the conventions of the gangster genre. Tarantino removes his film from the conventions of a traditional popular genre. Tarantino thoroughly undermines the traditional myths and effectively replaces them with myths of his own construction. Tarantinos gangsters, for one reason or another, do not behave like gangsters in the traditional sense and the myth associated with the gangster genre is undermined. The way is then cleared for Tarantino to install his own version of a revitalized gangster myth. The visual appearance of Jules and Vincent effectively establishes them as dangerous individuals; their physicality combines with language, tone and background music, which contributes to their intimidating presence. With the gangster personas established, Tarantino then exploits the viewers expectations by placing the gangsters in non-traditional scenarios. The viewer eventually realizes that the dialogue between Jules and Vincent has become quite common and most un-gangster like. They are not talking murder, guns or bank robberies; their discussion includes the nuances of European hamburgers, the delicacies of a foot massage and finally the proprieties involved in taking the bosss wife out to dinner. Their dialogue is not what one might normally expect of two assassins about to make a hit. There is something clearly wrong, so much so that Jules must finally insist: Come on, lets get in character. This particular line of dialogue clearly points out how deliberately Tarantino strays from the conventional gangster myth. .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 , .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .postImageUrl , .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 , .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84:hover , .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84:visited , .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84:active { border:0!important; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84:active , .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84 .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2b072314976695f5c620449fa6c4cd84:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Overview - Sugar Cane Alley EssayIn most movies the dialogue is made up of functional speech, characters only say enough to move along the plot. But what is different about Pulp Fiction is that the characters talk about completely random subjects e.g. foot massages, hamburgers, potbellies and divine intervention. It is through these meaningless conversations that the characters obtain substance and they are almost real to us. Pulp Fiction is full of intertextual references, one of the obvious scenes of this is when we see Marilyn Monroe in Slim Jims restaurant.  Pulp Fiction is often classified as a post-modern film as many believe it concentrates more on style over substance.  I think though that this film is of so much interest to Media students because Quentin Tarantino goes against all Media rules to make the film different, which I think was very successful.

Scientific Investigatory Project free essay sample

Most people grew up and lived with the electric currents flowing through the wiring within the walls of their homes. They helped us a lot everyday besides giving energy to power appliances at home such as television, computer, radio, video games. Electricity keeps more important appliances like gas stove, refrigerator, air conditioners which we all need to lessen and help us in our work and in life. Thus having power cut tends to create confusion and panic in homeowners who are unprepared. The continuation of power outages due to widespread power failure can not only be inconvenient and problematic, they can be dangerous and can create troubles and accidents for people who depend on power to operate appliances and medical devices within their home. A generator can keep your appliances that require electricity at home functioning normally and your family can continue on their routine. They also help maintain a safe and well-ordered life in the midst of possible chaos and accidents. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Investigatory Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Some electric generator use fuel to supply electric power; they restore a home’s electricity during a power failure but a wooden generator doesn’t need fuel to supply electric power. Wooden Generator is easier and it can be done by anyone. If you don’t want to buy electric generators because they are expensive, you can create your own â€Å"Wooden Generator†. In a wooden generator, the most essential structure is made of wood. The only non wooden parts are the magnet and the wire. Wooden generator can light up any low voltage/ low current lamp. It doesn’t matter if you suddenly experience power failure because of a natural disaster or a simple error if you already own a generator. B. Statement of Problem This aims to study and analyze the benefits a wooden generator. This study also wants to find out how the speed of turning rotor, the diameter of coil, the number of wire loops, wire gage, and the material used in the construction of an electric generator affect the production of electricity. Identify mo mga benefits mo or ung mga gusto mung malaman or ilagay ditto. Kunyari identify the blab la bla. Study thehe fjaf of generator. Why is it important to know the effects of perfume? For people who aren’t aware, perfumes have many effects on people and believe me, it’s not all good. We want them to be aware that it also has some bad effects. Without them realizing, people around them may be affected of them using perfumes, it becomes a problem to them. It’s not just people who are affected but also plants and animals especially our environment. Thus, we want to find the answer to our question. â€Å"What are the effects of perfume on our body health?

Child Abuse Research Paper

Child Abuse Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Child Abuse Research Paper Child abuse does not discriminate against a child because of age, sex, race, religion, or socioeconomic background. Any child can fall victim to this sometimes a silent problem. I will discuss the major types of child abuse in the following paragraphs. Every child is vulnerable to abuse. Parents today face the possibility that someone they know or don’t know may hurt or take advantage of their child. Research indicates that as many as one out of every four children will be the victims of some kind of abuse. Very young children as well as older teenagers are victimized. Almost all of these children will be abused by someone they know and trust; for example a relative, family friend or a caretaker. Maltreatment of children is not a new phenomenon. Child abuse dates back to biblical times. During recent years the public eye has become more focused on child maltreatment. There are many factors to child maltreatment. There are four general categories of child maltreatment now recognized; physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal abues, neglect and emotional maltreatment. Each category covers a large range of behavior. Some causes of child abuse are the use of drugs, or alcohol abuse or an abuser was also abused when they were younger. Another problem is that when an abused child grows up they could join the next generations of child abusers. Child abuse can be prevented in a number of ways such as counseling for the adults as well as the children. Another way is for the school to educate the children about child abuse. Teachers should help children understand what to do if someone abuses them. Tactics like telling an adult they trust and coming forward when they see abuse could prevent continued abuse. In my opinion everyone should try to prevent child abuse any way they can. Child abuse should never start because it can ruin a childs life forever, and causes serious injures to the child, whether this be physical or emotional. All 50 states have passed some form of a mandatory child abuse and neglect reporting law in order to qualify for funding under the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) (Jan. 1996 version) 42 U.S.C. 5101, et seq.. The Act was originally passed in 1974, has been amended several times and was most recently amended and reauthorized on October 3, 1996, by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment and Adoption Act Amendments of 1996 (P.L. 104-235). Types of Abuse: Emotional Abuse Emotional abuse can also take the form of verbal abuse and mental abuse. This includes acts, or the failure to act by parents or caretakers that have caused or could cause serious behavioral, emotional, or mental disorders in the child. As well as parents/caretakers using extreme or bizarre forms of punishment. There are several different types of emotional abuse, rejecting, ignoring, terrorizing, isolating, and corrupting. Emotional abuse accounts for eight percent of all child abuse. Neglect Neglect is a failure to provide for a childs basic needs. Neglect could be physical, educational, or emotional. Physical neglect could include not providing food or clothing, appropriate medical care, supervision, or proper weather protection. Educational neglect is the failure to provide schooling or special educational needs, for example, not helping them on homework or teaching them how to read. Emotional neglect includes the lack of any emotional support and love. Physical Abuse Physical abuse is the intentional infliction of physical injury upon a child. This may include: burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating, or otherwise harming a child. Physical abuse may be best defined as any non-accidental physical injury by a person who has care, custody, or control of a child. Accidental harm does not qualify as child abuse. There are many signs of physical abuse. Bruises found on the backs of the arms, legs, lower back, the butt, and genitals are suspicious bruises and should be questioned. Patterned bruising is also a sign of abuse. Normal bruises usually appear in various shapes and sizes, while some bruises that are patterned may indicate strong signs of abuse. These are bruises that have definite boundaries and sharp or curved edges. Burns can also be signs of abuse. Fractures are another sign of physical abuse. Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse is any inappropriate sexual behavior with a child, such as: fondling a childs genitals, making the child fondle the adults genitals, intercourse, incest, rape, and sexual exploitation. These acts can be committed by a baby sitter, parents, daycare provider, or someone related to the child. Child molesters can also be friends, neighbors, or even strangers. History One of the biggest ironies of a child’s life is that the family, what should be a child’s primary source for love, support, and security, can also be the most abusive group that a child belongs to. Society assumes that parents act in their child’s best interest. Therefore, parents have the right to care for and protect their own children. When parents cannot meet their child’s needs or protect the child from harm, society has the responsibility to protect the health and safety of the child. Laws that protect animals from unjust cruelty were in effect and enforced long before any cases against child abuse were argued. Just imagine being a nine-year-old girl who is beaten on a daily basis. This happened to a little girl who lived in New York in 1874, her name was Mary Ellen. She was burned and cut with scissors. She resided with her foster mother who would leave her in a closet while away from the house. Mary Connolly, her foster mother, had abused her for seven years. Mary Ellen lived in an apartment building with her foster mother. Mary Ellen’s landlady made many attempts to help Mary Ellen but none were successful. The person who finally came to here aid was Etta Wheeler a Methodist caseworker. The police said that they could do nothing without proof of assault. Although there were laws to protect any person from assault and battery, there was no precedent for intervening inside a childs home. The frustrated Wheeler turned to Henry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. She reasoned that children were members of the animal kingdom and could therefore be protected under the laws governing the mistreatment of animals. Bergh rejected this strategy, but became involved in the case. A petition was presented to the New York Supreme Court on behalf of Mary Ellen that proved she was being held illegally by the Connolly’s, who were neither her legal guardians nor her natural parents. Witnesses testified about the abuse suffered by Mary Ellen and the leather whip that was kept near her at all times. As the child stood and spoke in court, all could see the terrible scar across her face as she calmly related how her foster mother had s lashed her face with scissors. Burn scars from an iron were visible on her arms. Her foster mother was sentenced to prison for one year. Mary Ellens case had a large impact around the nation and resulted in the foundation of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) in 1874. The SPCC was the first organization to focus on the legal protection of childrens rights in the United States. In its first year, the SPCC investigated 300 cases of child abuse. It also introduced legislation to prevent and punish wrongs to children that occurred in the home. The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) Can the Federal government, State government, and sovereign nations effectively mesh their practices and policies to adequately meet the safety and placement needs of American Indian Children? The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) was made a federal law in 1978 after many years of political struggles between Native American Indian tribal leaders, state agencies, various church groups and court systems. â€Å"By passing the law Congress hoped to prevent the continuing abuses of power by state agencies, the courts, and various church groups in the disruption of Indian families by enacting procedures for the removal and foster placement of Indian children and defining the roles and responsibilities of authority† (Matheson, 1996, p.233). The Indian Child Welfare Act brought with it the hope that the law would protect Indian communities, tribes, and families against further disintegration of their traditional systems. Native American Indians have experienced massive losses of lives, land, and culture from Caucasian contact and colonization resulting in a long legacy of chronic trauma and unresolved grief across generations. Congress has vacillated between two conflicting themes: self-government for tribes and assimilation of the reservations into the existing framework of state and local government. Native American children were removed from their families and homes, placed in government boarding schools and Christian mission schools, and educated in the Caucasian ideals. When a Native American family resisted mandatory schooling at the boarding schools, â€Å"Congress responded by authorizing the withholding of food and clothing rations from them.† (George, 1997) During the 1950’s when the boarding schools began to close, people became concerned about the number of children that would be returned to the reservations and a life of poverty if other arrangements could not be found. Native American children were then placed in non-Indian homes for long term care and adoption. This new adoption trend resulted in 25%-35% of Native children being separated from their families by state courts, welfare agencies, and private adoption agencies. (George, 1997) The Indian Child Welfare Act states that child abuse and neglect cases that involve foster care and adoption of Indian children must give tribes the opportunity to take jurisdiction in order to move court proceedings to a tribal court as opposed to the individual state courts when these children are placed out of the home. The act is a Federal Statute governing the placement of Indian children who are in any out of home placement, voluntary or involuntary by the state, county, city or federal government. The act applies to all public and private agencies that remove children. There are several types of child welfare custody proceedings that apply to the Indian Child Welfare Act. One is foster placement, the temporary removal of the child from his or her biological parents. When biological parents are unable to fulfill their role, children may need substitute care, shelter care, group homes, and institutional care placements. Each of these alternatives is more appropriate for some children than others. Other custody proceedings include Termination of Parental Rights, and adoption placements. Both of these custody proceedings result in a permanent plan for the child. Permanent planning is the one aspect of child welfare systems where cultural differences are the most heartfelt. In state and public child welfare systems, permanent planning is based on set timelines. Usually if a parent does not show that he or she can resume care for a child after a period of one year, the case is considered for a permanent alternative. Termination of parental rights is a ke y factor in freeing a child for adoption in the child welfare system, however, it has the potential of severing the child’s connection to their extended family or tribe. Even with the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act there are still issues related to state child welfare agencies and Native American Indian tribes, especially with respect to adoption. The conflict comes up when a Native American Indian child is placed for adoption. â€Å"Tribal officials fear that the flow of Indian foster children to non-Indian homes threatens their survival as a people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lacayo, 1988, p.64). A misconception from non-Indian people is, â€Å"†¦of children growing up on the reservation that is, the images of poverty blot out the virtues of cultural identity.† (Lacayo, 1988, p.64). Unfortunately, these opinions are hard to change and have often brought about bitter courtroom battles. The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) was passed by Congress in 1997 because children languished in foster care for extended periods of time while waiting for permanent placement. Children remained in care without stability or family for extensive periods of time because of a number of factors. Primary causes for delays in placing children were the need for parents to complete substance abuse rehabilitation, systemic barriers including overburdened child welfare workers, the and resulting delays and postponements of court hearings. The Adoption and Safe Families Act establishes unequivocally that our national goals for children in the child welfare system are safety, permanency, and well-being. The Adoption and Safe Families Act should not be reviewed as affecting the application of the Indian Child Welfare Act in the case of Indian children involved in state child custody proceedings. The Adoption and Safe Families Act deals with all children who become involved with the foster care or adoption system, whereas the Indian Child Welfare Act is a specific enactment dealing with one subsection of children – Indian children involved in child custody proceedings. There are many aspects to ASFA, but the most significant pieces are: The health and safety of children must be the paramount concern in all decisions regarding provision of services, placement and permanency planning decisions; states are required and encouraged to establish or utilize various mechanisms to achieve this goal, including criminal background checks of prospective foster and adoptive parents. Reasonable efforts to reunify a family are not required where a parent has a pattern of or the parental rights of a parent to a sibling of the child in question have been previously terminated involuntarily. Other mandates that the Adoption and Safe Families Act has are the requirements for a permanency hearing within twelve months after the initial foster care placement, and a petition for termination of parental rights once a child has been in foster care for a period of fifteen out of twenty-two months. Indian children received little specific attention regarding the policies under ASFA that were being discussed in spite of their unique circumstances. About one half of the Indian children served by child welfare programs in the United States are served by tribal programs and not by the states which ASFA targets. Indian children have a unique political status not afforded other children as members of sovereign tribal governments. This political status, as well as the history of biased treatment of Indian children and families under public and private child welfare systems is the basis for the Indian Child Welfare Act. Adoption and Safe Families Act and Indian Child Welfare Act integrations issues are most likely to arise during implementation of ASFA by states. In the case of an Indian child, the state should refrain from moving to terminate parental rights at the fifteen month mark of foster care; considerations need to be made if this is in the best interest of the child. Problems with ICWA Problems with state child welfare agencies and Indian child welfare programs include the lack of experience state agencies have in working with tribes; staff turnover; lack of funding; concern about tribal accountability for providing services and caring for the children; and the absence of tribal courts with authority to assume jurisdiction over proceedings involving tribe members. State child welfare agencies and courts are not thoroughly educated on Indian law or history, and do not take into consideration the practices of the Native American Culture when determining child placements. The ICWA does not specifically state that professionals working with tribes must have any tribal education; There has been progress in implementing the Indian Child Welfare Act, although implementation has been uneven across geographic areas and governmental levels. A lack of stable and adequate funding for tribal child welfare programs has proven to be one of the most serious barriers to the tribe’s ability to protect their children, thus creating the need for assistance from state and public child welfare agencies. With the accomplishment of ICWA’s intent, many tribal governments have revised their existing tribal codes or developed new codes to directly address the issues of dealing with child abuse. Many tribes also work with the National Indian Child Welfare Association (NICWA) who assist and represent tribal governments, urban Indian social service programs, and staff from various state child welfare agencies that work with Indian children and their families. The Indian Child Welfare Act has not reduced the flow of Indian children into substitute care. Even though the number of Indian children in public care has decreased, the caseloads of tribal programs are rising sharply as these programs expand and cases are transferred from public agencies. NICWA helps various tribes with services such as family preservation programs for Native American families. These programs assist families with solving the child abuse or neglect issues and aid in a speedy reunification if the child is placed out of home. The legislative intent of ICWA is being accomplished- tribal governments are assuming responsibility for more and more of their children as the state and the BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) transfer jurisdiction and recede from the picture (Mannes, 1993, p.143). It is important for the tribal courts to keep the Indian child with a relative, the child’s tribe and/or another Indian family for foster care or adoption. The reason for this is that the tribe feels placement of a Native American, whether it is for foster care or adoption, should stay with the tribe or other tribal avenues to keep this child in the realm of their culture. These extended kin networks support identity formation, a sense of belonging, recognition of a shared history, and survival of the group. Keeping Native American children with extended family members can become costly. Food, shelter, income, and a sense of having access and availability to services is in short supply. Income to care for these children and families comes from the limited funds tribes have available and only small amounts of money are accessible through the federal government. If the tribal courts have jurisdiction of the case, oftentimes the state system is no longer involved, therefore the state does not contribute monetary assistance. By following the Indian Child Welfare Act and placing Indian children with relatives also in a poverty situation in lieu of other placement options, how can one say the best interest of the child is being considered? Hopefully, the future will bring a more harmonious union between Native American Indian tribes and state child welfare agencies. Conclusion After analyzing child abuse, it is obvious that this issue will continue to be the center of much debate, controversy, and consideration until the problem is taken care of. Realistically speaking the problem is not likely to ever disappear. The lack of control that government, and society for that matter, has on the rearing of children will not allow the problem to go away. Until we are able to find a way, within the limits of the law, to insure the safety of all children, child abuse will forever be a problem in our society. We as social workers advocate for critical legislation that impacts children and families, work to obtain and maintain funding for prevention programs, and collaborate with organizations, community leaders and public policy makers. I would like to help ensure that local, state, and federal policy-makers adopt, implement, and maintain important policies and programs that support children and families. In order for this to happen we need to educate the public on advocacy. They need to make their voice heard throughout the nation. Voting is a great way to advocate. You can control who our future policy makers are by taking an active role in voting. By voting, you are exercising your most basic right as a citizen. Always vote; one person can make all the difference. I always vote. Get to know the people who are out there representing you. This could be anyone from your local city council to your federal Congressperson. They are here to serve you. Your elected officials depend on their constituents to let them know the concerns of people around your community. There are a few ways you can contact your policy-makers and communicate your support. I would like to go and meet some of city council and let them know my concerns. I would also use letter writing to get my point across. Calling elected officials is another way I would get my voice heard. Remember to call and thank them when a bill gets passed through that I have supported. REFERENCES Finkelman J. D. (1995) Child abuse a multidisciplinary survey short- and long-term effects. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. Kalichman, S. C. (1993). Mandated reporting of suspected child abuse. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Sagatun I. J. Edwards L. P. (1995). Child abuse and the legal system. Chicago, IL: Nelson- Hall Publishers U.S. department of Health and Human Services. (1988). STUDY FINDINGS Study of National Incidence and Prevalence of child abuse and Neglect: Childrens Defense Fund. (1999). The state of americas children. Boston: MA: Beacon Press. DeBenedictis, D.J. (1990). Custody controversey:tribe can’t intervene in indian’s mothers adoption decision. ABA Journal, 76(5), 22-23. Retrieved March 19, 2006, from George, L.J. (1997). why the need for the indian child welfare act? Journal of Multicultural Social Work. 5(4), 165-175. Mannes, M. (1993). seeking the balance between child protection and family preservation in indian child welfare. Child Welfare, 72(2), 141-152. Retrieved November 11, 2006, from Matheson, L. (1996). the politics of the indian child welfare act. Social Work, 41(2), 232-235. Retrieved November 11, 2006, sfsu.edu/~multsowk/title/520.htm NICWA: History and Who We Are, Retrieved date 2006. nicwa.org Research Papers on Child Abuse Research PaperThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is Art

Parallelism in Writing for English Learners

Parallelism in Writing for English Learners Parallelism takes place when two similar phrases are joined to make just one sentence. For example: Tom plays the piano.Tom plays the violin.Parallelism Tom plays the piano and the violin. This is just a simple example. There are many types of parallelism and the important point to remember is that both forms must be the same. In other words, if you have two parallel verb structures the tenses must be the same. For example: Peter works hard and plays hard. NOT Peter works hard and play hard. Single Word Parallel Structures Both of the previous examples are single word parallel structures. Here is an overview of single word parallel structures: Nouns Jack eats fish and chicken.Sarah writes poetry and short stories. Verbs Our neighbors have moved and have sold their house.My sister walks or rides her bike to work. Adjectives The class is not only fun but also helpful.She is not only strong but also fast. Adverbs Peter drives quickly and aggressively.They work carefully and effectively. Phrase Parallel Structures Parallelism can also take place with phrases. This type of parallel structure can be more difficult to recognize as the sentences are more complex. Here are some examples: Having fun is as important as working hard.She advised me to get some sleep and take some time off work. Here are phrase parallel structures. Each type of structure includes a note about important points/problems to take into consideration. Noun Phrases Work is as necessary as play.Apples are as good for you as oranges. NOTE: Noun phrases are either singular or plural in nature and impersonal (it or they). Verb Phrases As soon as I arrive home, I put on my shoes and go for a run.Before she leaves for work, she usually eats breakfast and has a cup of coffee. NOTE: All verbs in a verb phrase with parallel structure have the same conjugation. Adverbial Phrases Peter and Tim will probably arrive in less than an hour and in time for the meeting.They want more time off in the summer and on weekends. (at weekends in British English) NOTE: An adverbial phrase is made up of more than one word which functions as an adverb. In this case, in less than an hour and in time expresses when something is going to happen. Gerund Phrases He enjoys playing tennis and working out.They dont mind waiting and talking while you get ready. NOTE: Make sure not to mix the infinitive (to do) and the gerund (doing) in parallel structures! Infinitive Phrases Jackson hopes to visit his parents and see his old friends when he goes home.She advised me to find some new friends and forget about the event. NOTE: Make sure not to mix the infinitive (to do) and the gerund (doing) in parallel structures! Participial Phrases Discovering her financial losses and not knowing enough about the current market, she decided to stop investing.Driving through the German countryside and speaking to the people, Mark began to understand the culture better. NOTE: This is a rather complex structure. Notice how a comma is placed after the parallel structure participial phrases that introduce the sentences. Clause Parallel Structures Finally, clauses can also be used to make parallel structures. In this case, remember that you must use full clause structure (subject verb objects) and that the subjects of BOTH clauses will be the same. This causes the verb conjugation to remain the same in both clauses. Noun Clauses She said that she was having fun but not that she was meeting people.Peter felt that he had made an excellent deal and that he had bought a masterpiece. Adjective Clauses She is a woman who is intelligent and, at the same time, who seems distracted.This is a product that is easy to use and that is simple to clean. Adverb Clauses As he didnt understand and because he refused to try, they let him go.Since it was easy to use and because it was cheap, it sold very well.